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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*ergeface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 part of the yurt close to the door 2 threshhold 3 stairsface="Times New Roman Star"1 ÷àñòü þðòû ðÿäîì ñ äâåðüþ 2 ïîðîã 3 ëåñòíèöà



face="Times New Roman Star"irgene 'smth. belonging to the tent' (Sangl.)




face="Times New Roman Star"irk@n 2
face="Times New Roman Star"irge 2
face="Times New Roman Star"argú `lap'face="Times New Roman Star"ergene, ergine 3


face="Times New Roman Star"ergilc?ek 1face="Times New Roman Star"erge, irge 1







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 47, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 56-57.
face="Times New Roman Star"*to:j-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to singface="Times New Roman Star"ïåòü

face="Times New Roman Star"tujuq (Osm.)
face="Times New Roman Star"tujuq 'a verse metre'
face="Times New Roman Star"tujuq 'rhymed verse'







face="Times New Roman Star"tuoj- 'to sing, chant', tojuk 'improvised song'












face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 568.
face="Times New Roman Star"*en|ir-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to spin 2 to surroundface="Times New Roman Star"1 êðóòèòü 2 îêðóæàòüface="Times New Roman Star"en|ir- (OUygh.) 1


face="Times New Roman Star"en|ir- (Áóä.) 2











face="Times New Roman Star"e:r- 1










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 113, VEWT 37.
face="Times New Roman Star"*A:lface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 device, trick, deceit 2 to deceiveface="Times New Roman Star"1 îáìàí, õèòðîñòü 2 îáìàíûâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"al 1 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.), al-ta- 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"a:l 1 (MK, KB), alda- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"a^l 1, aldat- 2face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"aldi- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"al 1 (dial.), al-da-n- 'to be deceived, to err'face="Times New Roman Star"a:l 1, a:lda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2






face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 120-121, TMN 2, 93, ÝÑÒß 1, 126-127. A discussion of albasty ( = Mong. albin) see in TMN 2, 109-110. Turk. *a:l-da- > Mong. alda- 'to deceive' (MA, cf. also TMN 2, 116, Ùåðáàê 1997, 97) > Evk. alda- etc. (Doerfer MT 109). On Mong. alda- 'to lose' see *a:\le 'weak, tired'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*A>burtface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 cheek-pouch, inside of the mouth 2 gum 3 mouthful, gulp 4 cheek 5 molar 6 to take a mouthful, swallowface="Times New Roman Star"1 âíóòðåííÿÿ ïîëîñòü ðòà 2 äåñíà 3 ãëîòîê 4 ùåêà 5 êîðåííîé çóá 6 ãëîòàòüface="Times New Roman Star"a[vurt] (?adurt) (OUygh., late med. texts TT II)
face="Times New Roman Star"avurt 1face="Times New Roman Star"urt 2face="Times New Roman Star"awurt (Sangl.) 3, (MKypch.) og|urt, owurt 1, 3 (Houts., Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"urt (dial.) 1


face="Times New Roman Star"howurt (dial.) 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"o:rt-a- 6face="Times New Roman Star"o:rt-a- 6face="Times New Roman Star"u:rt 'throat', u:rt-a- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"urúlú, dial. vúw|rlúw| 5 (Àøì. V 320)face="Times New Roman Star"omurt 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"a:rt-a- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"u:rtface="Times New Roman Star"urt 1face="Times New Roman Star"uwyrt 1face="Times New Roman Star"urt 1face="Times New Roman Star"uwurt 4face="Times New Roman Star"aurt 1, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"urt 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uvurt 1, 4face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 65, ÝÑÒß 1, 407-409, Ëåêñèêà 225-226, Ìóäðàê 115. The Old Uyghur form is poorly readable, so -d|- is dubious. Yak. -m- is irregular: could it be a trace of PA *umV 'drink', otherwise lost in Turkic?
face="Times New Roman Star"*jac?an-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"be ashamed, embarrassedface="Times New Roman Star"ñòûäèòüñÿ, ñìóùàòüñÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"jac?an- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"(Osm.) jac?an-
face="Times New Roman Star"jac?an- (CCum.)








face="Times New Roman Star"s/u"z/en- 'to be shocked'













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 882, VEWT 176, (incorrectly) Ôåäîòîâ 2, 151.
face="Times New Roman Star"*yl/y-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to rub, scrape 2 jack-planeface="Times New Roman Star"1 òåðåòü, öàðàïàòü 2 ðóáàíîê


face="Times New Roman Star"ys?y- 1, ys?qy 2


















face="Times New Roman Star"ys?i- 1




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 167, ÝÑÒß 1, 667. Despite some mergers with *jyl/- (v. sub *n/il/u), cf. Bashk. jys?y-, jys?qy, this appears to be a separate root.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kolakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"one-handedface="Times New Roman Star"îäíîðóêèé
face="Times New Roman Star"qolaq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kolak (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq (dial.)




face="Times New Roman Star"Golaq


















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 277, ÝÑÒß 6, 42.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kir-del/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a neighbour who lives in the same houseface="Times New Roman Star"ñîñåä, æèâóùèé â òîì æå äîìå
face="Times New Roman Star"kirdes? (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 739. The word is attested only in OT, but modern forms like Oyr. ko"ru"s?, Tat. ku"rs?i 'neighbour' etc. (ÝÑÒß 5, 118-119; > Mong. ko"rs?i, see Clark 1980, 41) may actually belong here, being transformed under the influence of ko"ru"s?- 'to see each other'. Difficult is Yak. ku"re, ku"ru"o" 'wife's younger sister': Poppe 1961, 138 regards it as genetically related to the Mongolian forms, but one cannot exclude a secondary loan < Evk. kurig|en.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kubak ( ? -p-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"arrow shaftface="Times New Roman Star"äðåâêî ñòðåëû


face="Times New Roman Star"qubaq (Sib.)






face="Times New Roman Star"qubu 'pole'
















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 295.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAc?a-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to fast 2 fastface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîñòèòüñÿ 2 ïîñòface="Times New Roman Star"bac?a- 1, bac?aq 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bac?aq 2 (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 293. Turk. bac?a-k 'fast' > WMong. bac?ag.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kodyface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"below, downwardsface="Times New Roman Star"âíèçó, âíèçface="Times New Roman Star"qody (Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qod|y (MK, QB)face="Times New Roman Star"koju
face="Times New Roman Star"quju, qujy (MA, Áîð. Áàä.), quji (Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"qujiface="Times New Roman Star"qujuface="Times New Roman Star"qozy, quzy, quzu





face="Times New Roman Star"(?) x@rl@ 'bowing the head' (KW 153)face="Times New Roman Star"xotu 'downstream; North'face="Times New Roman Star"kotun 'in the direction of'face="Times New Roman Star"quduface="Times New Roman Star"qudu









face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 596, VEWT 275, ÝÑÒß 6, 31-32, Stachowski 154.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tilgenface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wheelface="Times New Roman Star"êîëåñîface="Times New Roman Star"tilgen, tilken (OUygh.)



























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 499.
face="Times New Roman Star"*okraface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 pimple, pustule 2 disease of cattleface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðûù 2 áîëåçíü ñêîòà


face="Times New Roman Star"uqra 2face="Times New Roman Star"oqra (Áóä.) 1














face="Times New Roman Star"oqra 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uqra 'îâîä áû÷à÷èé'





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 360.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ydukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sacredface="Times New Roman Star"ñâÿùåííûéface="Times New Roman Star"yduq (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"yd|uq (MK)







face="Times New Roman Star"yzyx
face="Times New Roman Star"yjyq, ijik
face="Times New Roman Star"j@r@xface="Times New Roman Star"ytyq
face="Times New Roman Star"ydyq
face="Times New Roman Star"yjyq


face="Times New Roman Star"yjyq




face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 46, ÝÑÒß 1, 649-650, Åãîðîâ 80, Ôåäîòîâ 199, TMN 230-231 (most sources give a dubious inner Turkic derivation < *yd- 'to send', based on the old gloss in MK - most probably a folk etymology).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAla- (?)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"fir treeface="Times New Roman Star"åëü


















face="Times New Roman Star"balaty 'young fir tree'

face="Times New Roman Star"balas?ty (VEWT)face="Times New Roman Star"balas (VEWT)




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 60 (the Bashk. and KBalk. forms are only found there, so the root is somewhat dubious).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jularface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"halterface="Times New Roman Star"íåäîóçäîê
face="Times New Roman Star"jular (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jular
face="Times New Roman Star"jular (Pav. C., Houts.), jolar (AH)






face="Times New Roman Star"d/ular

face="Times New Roman Star"sular
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ular





face="Times New Roman Star"jular

face="Times New Roman Star"z|/ulur
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 932, VEWT 210, ÝÑÒß 4, 244-245, Ëåêñèêà 556.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyn-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to long for, covet, to be obsessed with 2 to long (sexually) 3 coireface="Times New Roman Star"1 æåëàòü, ñòðåìèòüñÿ 2 æåëàòü (ñåêñóàëüíî) 3 coireface="Times New Roman Star"qyn- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyn- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyn- 1, 2






face="Times New Roman Star"xyn-, xynyx- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyn- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyn-, qynyq- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xúnúx- 1face="Times New Roman Star"kyn- 3


face="Times New Roman Star"qynyq- 1








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264, EDT 632, ÝÑÒß 6, 632.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ben|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bait, bird-seedface="Times New Roman Star"ïðèìàíêà, êîðì äëÿ ïòèöface="Times New Roman Star"men| (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"men| (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"ben, ben| (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"men| (MA)



face="Times New Roman Star"men|




face="Times New Roman Star"men|ia" < *men|-eg (dimin.)face="Times New Roman Star"men|e











face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 334, EDT 766, Stachowski 178. Turk. > WMong. men|, see KW 261.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bun/gakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"female maralface="Times New Roman Star"ñàìêà ìàðàëàface="Times New Roman Star"mujg|aq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"mujg|aq (MK), mun|g|aq (KB)







face="Times New Roman Star"myjg|ax
face="Times New Roman Star"myjg|aq



face="Times New Roman Star"myjg|aqface="Times New Roman Star"myjg|aq









face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 344, EDT 772, Ëåêñèêà 153.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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